BREAKING TEMPLE & APOSTOLIC NEWS: President Nelson Rededicates the Manti Utah Temple

Hello again, everyone! We have breaking temple and apostolic news this evening: after previously announcing earlier this month that Elder Ronald A. Rasband would preside at the single-session evening rededication of the Manti Utah Temple, the official report on that dedication has noted that our beloved prophet, President Russell M. Nelson, actually did so. This is a stunning and welcome development, which hopefully indicates President Nelson's recovery from his back injury is progressing well.

This dedication was personal for both President Nelson and Elder Ronald A. Rasband, who accompanied the prophet. Both apostles have family ties to the Manti area. But for me, it does beg the question: what, if anything, does this indicate about the health of our prophet? To me, it's a positive sign that President Nelson's recovery from his back injury is progressing well. And it may be an indicator that he will be able to gradually resume a normal apostolic ministry.

What will that look like? My gut instinct is to say that President Nelson will allow the other apostles to continue to preside at most temple dedications, and I believe that he and his counselors will also continue to have the members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles conduct three of the five sessions of General Conference. But hopefully, it means our prophet may be able to be out among the people more, at least here in the state of Utah.

Whatever this might mean for the future, you can count on my covering it here. In the meantime, I testify to the fact that President Nelson's participation in today's rededication is a clear fulfillment of the promise of the oath and covenant of the priesthood that President Nelson has indeed been "sanctified by the Spirit unto the renewal of [his body]."

I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. 

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: Analysis of Documents Related to the April 2024 General Conference

Hello again, everyone! In between awaiting the yet-to-be-announced 2024 area leadership assignments and dealing with some ongoing personal health issues, I have not yet published my analysis of documents related to the April 2024 General Conference. It is time to remedy that now. So hang on to your hats! It's going to be a wild ride!

By way of review, I'm linking to the documents showing my predictions for the speaker lineup, changes in general Church leadership and the statistical report, and potential new temple locations. I have taken the opportunity to score these predictions. If any of you need clarification on how I score those predictions, I gave a detailed explanation about that last October. 

Obviously this time around, I could not have projected that members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles would conduct 3 of the 5 sessions, so for elements I couldn't have predicted, I allowed myself a small margin of error. For example, I had theorized a few days before the April General Conference weekend that the Sustaining of General Authorities, Area Seventies, and General Officers could take place at the beginning of the conference. I gave myself half-credit for that.

As the scorecard shows, my accuracy rate this time around was roughly 60.9%. But given all that happened this conference that I had no way to predict, I will happily take that, as it is on the lower end of my usual accuracy rate (60-80%). If any of you have more particular questions about any elements of these predictions or how I scored them, I will be happy to address those in the comments. After the conference weekend, I updated a few other documents as well. Let's turn our attention to those:

First, I have noted the duration of each address given by each of our current apostles (16 total, including the Sustaining). Those 16 talks have also been added to the document showing individual and group totals of addresses given by our apostles in General Conference. And although I don't know how soon it might be available, I have also put together a possible table of contents for the May 2024 Liahona, which may be made available online in the next week or so.

These are projects I have maintained on my end for several years now. It is a privilege and an honor to share them with you every six months after each General Conference concludes. I hope they are as fun and interesting to you to read as they are for me to maintain and compile them. I anticipate that area leadership assignments might be announced at some point tomorrow, or else early next week, and I of course also anticipate the next major temple news to be released on Monday.

I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines.

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: Current Apostolic Data

Hello again, everyone! It has been a tradition on this blog for me to provide updates on apostolic data every 7 weeks. Having last done so on Sunday, February 25, it is time to publish the newest such data. As with every two-part update, the first part contains updated data about the age and tenure length records for all 17 Church Presidents, in addition to updated information on the tenure lengths for each of the 28 Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. 

The first document likewise notes information on the tenure length rankings for three sets of apostolic groups: the longest-serving First Presidencies (with the current First Presidency joining that list for the first time), in addition to the longest-serving groups of members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and groups of all ordained apostles (the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles), and an overview of when each of those current groups will move up on the list.

Meanwhile, the second part of today's update shows the long-form and decimal ages for the members of the current First Presidency, Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and the same data for the combined First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, in addition to the average ages of each group and apostolic nonagenarians (with 3 of the current 15 apostles being on that list), and a final table showing the remaining time between today and when each of the other 12 apostles will become nonagenarians and join that list. With these updates coming every 7 weeks, the next update will be posted here on the morning of Sunday, April 14.

Hopefully, this post is of interest to you all. Again, I offer an open invitation to ask anyone who has any questions about those documents to ask them here. I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines.

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

BREAKING TEMPLE NEWS: President Nelson Announces 15 New Temples To Conclude the April 2024 General Conference

Hello again, everyone! During the final minutes of the April 2024 General Conference, President Nelson announced 15 new temples to be built in the following locations: Uturoa French Polynesia; Chihuahua, Mexico; Florianópolis Brazil; Rosario, Argentina; Edinburgh Scotland; Brisbane Australia South Area; Victoria British Columbia; Yuma Arizona;  Houston Texas South Area; Des Moines Iowa; Cincinnati Ohio; Honolulu Hawaii; West Jordan Utah; Lehi Utah; and Maracaibo Venezuela.

I had the following exact locations correct: Chihuahua Mexico; Florianopolis Brazil; Rosario Argentina; Edinburgh Scotland; Victoria British Columbia; Des Moines Iowa; Cincinattti Ohio; Honolulu Hawaii; West Jordan and Lehi Utah; and Maracaibo Venezuela. I had projected Bora Bora Tahiti, which is just an airplane ride away, so I'll count myself half-right on that. I was also half-right, as I was expecting an Arizona Temple, but not in Yuma. And I wasn't expecting a second Brisbane or Houston temple.

So 11 correct down to the exact location, 2 half-right, and 2 that I wasn't anticipating. I'm apparently getting better at my projected guesses. This brings the total number of temples to an even 350. I will have updated copies of my documents available in the comments section as I can get those updates made. I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar.  In the meantime, that does it for now. 

All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. 

Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: April 2024 General Conference Predictions (Final Version)

Hello again, everyone! We are now just 36 hours away from the first session of the April 2024 General Conference, so I wanted to post the final version of my predictions for this weekend. First up is my projected speaker lineup. I have notes in the document, where applicable, that speak for themselves. Next up is my projections for changes in general Church leadership and the statistical report. 

The former speaks for itself. On the latter, I used known data where available and a complex algorithm where data was not available to determine the relevant figures. The final element of these projections is my list of locations in which a temple could be announced. The list speaks for itself, but I also have a more specific list of what I feel are the most likely specific locations that will have a temple announced. (Note that my April 2024 picks are at the bottom of that second document).

I am looking forward to this General Conference weekend. You can count on me covering the latest news and updates as they are reported this weekend. I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. 

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: Current Apostolic Datta

Hello again, everyone! It has been a tradition on this blog for me to provide updates on apostolic data every 7 weeks. Having last done so on Sunday, January 7, it is time to publish the newest such data. As with every two-part update, the first part contains updated data about the age and tenure length records for all 17 Church Presidents, in addition to updated information on the tenure lengths for each of the 28 Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. 

The first document likewise notes information on the tenure length rankings for three sets of apostolic groups: the longest-serving First Presidencies (with the current First Presidency joining that list for the first time), in addition to the longest-serving groups of members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and groups of all ordained apostles (the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles), and an overview of when each of those current groups will move up on the list.

Meanwhile, the second part of today's update shows the long-form and decimal ages for the members of the current First Presidency, Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and the same data for the combined First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, in addition to the average ages of each group and apostolic nonagenarians (with 3 of the current 15 apostles being on that list), and a final table showing the remaining time between today and when each of the other 12 apostles will become nonagenarians and join that list. With these updates coming every 7 weeks, the next update will be posted here on the morning of Sunday, April 14.

Hopefully, this post is of interest to you all. Again, I offer an open invitation to ask anyone who has any questions about those documents to ask them here. I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines.

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

The "Aging Church Leadership": In Response to Gordon Monson's Recent Articles in the Salt Lake Tribune

Hello again, everyone! I hope it is apparent to all who visit this blog, from the longtime readers to the followers to the newest reader discovering this blog for the first time, that I am unapologetically and fiercely loyal to the Church and to any and all of those within the Church that the Lord has called to be His prophets, seers, and revelators. Because "it must needs be there is an opposition in all things", the Church is not short on critics and naysayers, many of whom appear to believe they know better than the Lord and His chosen mouthpieces. 

Some of those individuals, however well-meaning they may be, often offer their opinions without considering the Lord's perspective on the subject at hand. Some treat our prophets and apostles as if they were no more than independent agents, making and unmaking decisions, policies, and even doctrine at their own pleasure, as a result of which such observers "fall short of the mark" and miss the big picture. 

Numerous times on this blog, I have addressed the fallacy of the philosophy advanced by many that, in a similar way to the Church granting emeritus status to GA Seventies at the age of 70, there should be a system whereby apostles, whether all apostles or those who are particularly aged, infirm, or in ill health, should be granted emeritus status and relieved of active duty.  Some have gone further to suggest the cutoff should be 80 or 90. 

The suggestion of an emeritus status for apostles in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is not new, and has been repeatedly made by numerous individuals. Most recently, Gordon Monson, a writer for the Salt Lake Tribune, addressed both that idea (treating it as if it were a new concept) and the backlash directed towards him as a result.

There are some offshoots of the Church that either grant emeritus status to prophets and apostles or call and release them based on earthly considerations, and the general result is either an uncertain period in which there is no clear leader of the Church, or where extended periods pass without someone in the top leadership role. For example, the Community of Christ recently named its first female prophet-president, but it won't be until next year that a sustaining vote will ratify that change, meaning that there will be no top leader in that denomination for another year.

By contrast, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints operates under a system that ensures a continuous line of succession. The senior apostle is always the President of the Church, and he is always succeeded by the apostle immediately junior to him at the time of his passing. Though the process of setting apart the new senior apostle as the prophet, seer, revelator, and President of the Church may not be that immediate, the Church is never without an earthly head. Joseph Smith said to the Twelve: "Where I [meaning the President of the Church] am not, there is no First Presidency over the Twelve."

Apostolic calls are, by nature, for life, except in the rare case of excommunication. In a Church that believes and depends on continuing revelation, the lifetime calls afford the Church stability, constancy, consistency, and a clear method of succession. The Lord has reminded us: "My thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the Lord. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts."

Because the idea of granting emeritus status to apostles and prophets in the Lord's Church is not new, the Church has taken several steps to address it. President Gordon B. Hinckley, on 60 Minutes, talked about how wonderful it is to have a man of maturity at the head who will not be blown about by every wind of doctrine. The wisdom in having older Church leaders is clearly apparent and should go without saying. 

I have personally found the final addresses of each apostle and prophet of the Church to be among their most significant, powerful, and impactful messages ever. We would miss out on those sage final words of counsel if there was some arbitrary, man-made limit to the length or duration of their service. It appears that the Church is not unaware of the criticism about the age of the Brethren. Then-Elder Jeffrey R. Holland tackled that subject head-on with a powerful essay just last year.

By mortal reasoning and measures, at least on the surface, the suggestion of Gordon Monson and others might make sense if we were talking about any earthly or man-made entity or organization. But in the Lord's Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, He is the one who has set the conditions under which the prophetic mantle passes from one man to another. He stands at the head of His Church. And He and He alone governs who serves as prophet when, for how long, and who succeeds each of His chosen servants.

The Lord's house is a house of order. However well-intended the suggestions of emeritus status for His prophets, seers and revelators might be, that is not the Lord's way and never will be. 2 days following his appointment as the prophet of the Lord's Church, President Nelson pledged to "serve Him and [the members of the Church] for every remaining breath of [his] life." His fellow apostles have taken similar pledges. The devoted service of these Brethren is both wonderful and humbling to behold.

There is constancy amid an ever-changing world in the voice, message, service, and good works of all those we sustain as prophets, seers and revelators. We are blessed by the global voice of the prophets and apostles. We are blessed to receive their counsel and feel their love. As the Lord has promised, "Whether by mine own voice or by the voice of my servants, it is the same." The Lord appoints and releases His servants according to His wisdom and plan for each of them, and because it is a divinely-inspired system, no mortal ideas will ever have power or hold sway to change that.

Of these truths, I bear my fervent, sure, and certain witness in humility and gratitude for the opportunity to do so in the sacred name of Him who divinely inspires and directs it all, even Jesus Christ, Amen.

Church President Russell M. Nelson Observes His 6th Anniversary as Prophet

Hello again, everyone! This Sabbath Day marks the 6th anniversary of the prophetic tenure of Church President Russell M. Nelson. Under his direction, the Church now has three global magazines, is awaiting the arrival of new hymnbooks and children's songbooks to also be used worldwide, has now seen the appointment of the first Asian-American, Latin American, and British-Irish/adult convert apostles, and has seen restructuring efforts affecting the Elders' and High Priests' Quorums, ward Young Men Presidencies, and stake Sunday School and Young Men Presidencies.

All but one of our current apostles (Elder Patrick Kearon) have individually presided at 2 or more temple dedications or rededications. And President Nelson has surpassed 15th Church President Gordon B. Hinckley as the oldest living prophet and the prophet to announce the most temples. The 153 temples announced around the world in the last five years have brought the total number of worldwide temples to 335.

Additionally, the Church is well on track to have 200 operating temples by sometime during the third or fourth quarter of this year, and the Church could almost certainly have 300 temples dedicated by the bicentennial anniversary of the Church (Saturday, April 6, 2030). President Nelson is not only the oldest living prophet but is the oldest living apostle as well.

The prophet's apostolic colleagues, his wife, and his children all say he is hard to keep up with and continue to report that he acts with the energy and vigor of someone 30-40 years younger than his now-99 years of age.  Some have stated that he might be near the end of his life several times. But just as the prophet has proven the world wrong in the January 2018 assessment that he was unlikely to change the Church, he continues to live and function well daily. 

Of course, as any good former physician would do, he followed the advice of his doctors and was absent from the October 2023 General Conference, though he was able to prerecord his remarks delivered during the final session. Later this year, President Nelson and his counselors will join the list of longest-serving First Presidencies of the Church, and several months after that, President Nelson will become the first ever centenarian prophet and apostle.

The last six years of inspired leadership from and through President Nelson has taught me so much. A long time ago, I began regularly praying that when any major Church announcement is made, I would know for myself that it has been inspired by the Lord. And the Lord has never disappointed me in that. Many of the adjustments and changes that have been made have always left me with the question, "Why hasn't this been done before?"

I am grateful for the opportunity I have almost daily to witness what is going on in the Church around the world because of our current beloved prophet, President Russell M. Nelson. He is truly the man for our time. As we heed his prophetic counsel and seek to obtain confirmation from the Lord regarding it, I promise He will continue to testify to all of us that He does indeed direct His work, through His chosen prophet, seer, and revelatory and President of the Church in our day, President Russell M. Nelson.

I am grateful to have had the chance to reflect on the impact the prophet has had on the Church in the last 6 years. I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines.

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: Current Apostolic Data

Hello again, everyone! It has been a tradition on this blog for me to provide updates on apostolic data every 7 weeks. Having last done so on Sunday, November 19, it is time to publish the newest such data. The recent passing of President M. Russell Ballard and the subsequent call of Elder Patrick Kearon are making the biggest differences in this edition. As with every two-part update, the first part contains updated data about the age and tenure length records for all 17 Church Presidents, in addition to updated information on the tenure length records for each of the 28 Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. 

The first document likewise notes information on the tenure length rankings for three sets of apostolic groups: the longest-serving First Presidencies (with the current First Presidency joining that list for the first time), in addition to the longest-serving groups of members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and groups of all ordained apostles (the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles), and an overview of when each of those current groups will move up on the list.

Obviously, in view of President Ballard's death and Elder Kearon's subsequent appointment, the clock has reset for the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and overall apostolic group, so there will not be any milestones to report in that regard until 2027, provided no other current apostles pass away between now and then.

Meanwhile, the second part of today's update shows the long-form and decimal ages for the members of the current First Presidency, Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and the apostolic groups overall, in addition to the average ages of each group and apostolic nonagenarians (with 3 of the current 15 apostles being on that list), and a final table showing the remaining time between today and when each of the other 12 apostles will become nonagenarians and join that list. With these updates coming every 7 weeks, the next update will be posted here on the morning of Sunday, February 25.

Hopefully, this post is of interest to you all. Again, I offer an open invitation to ask anyone who has any questions about those documents to ask them here. I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines.

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: April 2024 General Conference Predictions

Hello again, everyone! With Friday's announcement of Elder Patrick Kearon's apostolic call, I had to go back to the drawing board on my General Conference predictions. Because his call has already been announced, there is no need for President Nelson to announce it in the opening session of General Conference. And although it sounds like his recovery is progressing, I had forgotten to make allowances for the prophet's condition (even if he is recovered from his back injury by then, he will probably still need to be seated during any remarks he gives). 

So those two factors led me to alter my previously-offered predictions. Consequently, I have made adjustments to my projected speaker lineup and my predictions for changes in general Church leadership. I also made some minor adjustments to my projections for the figures in the statistical report for 2023, based on updated numbers for stakes and non-sensitive districts, as provided by the Church of Jesus Christ Temples site. 

For your reference, I have included a few notes in each of those documents with any pertinent details that led to specific factors in what I am projecting. I did my best to keep those notes to a minimum. If there are any questions about the latest adjustments, I am happy to field those here. The commenting period for these latest predictions remains active until Thursday, April 4, 2024, at 10:00 PM MDT.

I have every reason to believe this will not be the final draft of these predictions. Since Elder Kearon's call was announced last week, I am assuming the Church will also officially confirm that Elder Carl B. Cook has succeeded him as Senior President of the Seventy and that the newest member of the Presidency of the Seventy will also be announced within this next week. Stay tuned for coverage on all of that, and on the latest temple news, which I anticipate will be announced during the 2:00 PM MST hour tomorrow.

I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. 

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

BREAKING NEWS: Elder Patrick Kearon Called to Fill the Vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Hello again, everyone! I had shared my opinion that President Nelson wouldn't wait to fill the vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and I was right. This morning, the Church announced that Elder Patrick Kearon, who had been serving as the Senior President of the Seventy, was ordained an apostle yesterday and set apart as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. At 62 years old, he takes his place as the currently youngest apostle in the Church.

Born on July 18, 1961 in the United Kingdom, he was raised there and in the Middle East. He has lived and worked in the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. He is an adult convert to the Church. He has served as a General Authority Seventy since April 2010 (called in the same General Conference as his now apostolic colleague Elder Gerrit W. Gong). He has served in the Presidency of the Seventy since August 2017, and as Senior President since August 2020. He married Jennifer Carole Hulme on January 12, 1991, in the Oakland California Temple. They are the parents of four children, one of whom is deceased.

I am very pleased by this news. Elder Kearon hopped on a plane today and flew to Hawaii, where he will give his first public address as an apostle during the BYU-Hawaii commencement. At some point in the next month or two, I anticipate he will meet with the press. And of course, he will speak to us during the April 2024 General Conference. This leaves a vacancy in the Presidency of the Seventy, and Elder Carl B. Cook now becomes the de facto Senior President of the Seventy. I expect that the vacancy will be filled before General Conference as well. 

I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. 

Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: Current Apostolic Data

Hello again, everyone! It has been a tradition on this blog for me to provide updates on apostolic data every 7 weeks. Having last done so on Sunday, October 1, it is time to publish the newest such data. The recent passing of President M. Russell Ballard is probably making the biggest difference in this edition. As with every two-part update, the first part contains updated data about the age and tenure length records for all 17 Church Presidents, in addition to updated information on the tenure length records for each of the 28 Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. 

The first document likewise notes information on the tenure length rankings for three sets of apostolic groups: the longest-serving First Presidencies (which will not be updated with the current First Presidency until 2024), in addition to the longest-serving groups of members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and groups of all ordained apostles (the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles), and an overview of when each of those current groups will move up on the list.

Meanwhile, the second part of today's update shows the long-form and decimal ages for the members of the current First Presidency, Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and the apostolic groups overall, in addition to the average ages of each group and apostolic nonagenarians (with 4 of the current 15 apostles being on that list), and a final table showing the remaining time between today and when each of the other 11 apostles will become nonagenarians and join that list. With these updates coming every 7 weeks, the next update will be posted here on the morning of Sunday November 19. That next update will serve as the last one for 2023.

Hopefully, this post and the others this weekend will be of interest to you all. Again, I offer an open invitation to ask anyone who has any questions about those documents to ask them here. I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines.

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

BREAKING NEWS: President Jeffrey R. Holland Set Apart as Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Hello again, everyone! Breaking news was just shared by the Church a short time ago. Yesterday (Wednesday January 15), President Russell M. Nelson officially set apart Elder Jeffrey R. Holland as Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The announcement was made by the Newsroom and the Church News. So it is officially President Holland now, and he will be sustained in that capacity during the April 2024 General Conference. This is the news I expected, but it is coming sooner than I expected. 

I assume the new Acting President will be introduced as such if he speaks during the funeral services tomorrow for his predecessor. I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar.  In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines.  

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: April 2024 General Conference Predictions

Hello again, everyone! Following President Ballard's death, I have once again updated my predictions for the April 2024 General Conference. The updates have been made to the projected speaker lineup and my projections for changes in general Church leadership. I will provide a brief overview of what I've changed. First, I think that President Nelson will personally present the new apostle. 

There is precedent for that. President Hinckley presented three of his four apostolic picks at the top of the Saturday Morning Session. President Monson similarly presented Elder Andersen in the same way. So that presentation and any other opening message from the prophet will likely open the next General Conference. I also took into consideration the fact that the first two new apostles called by President Nelson were the first two speakers in the final session, so I think that the new apostle will give brief remarks to open that same session this time around. 

If President Nelson does present the new apostle personally in the first session, it seems probable that his main address will be delivered to close the conference (at which point he will announce new temples), and that he thus won't also speak to conclude the Sunday Morning Session. So I have put President Oaks as the concluding speaker for that session. That in turn will allow two other members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles to speak during the final session.

With 3 apostles each speaking during the Saturday Afternoon, Sunday Morning, and Sunday Afternoon Sessions, and with my projection that President Holland will speak in the Saturday Evening Session, that means that the remaining two members of the Quorum of the Twelve will speak in the opening session. As far as the changes to general Church leadership are concerned, if the Church does call someone from within the ranks of the current general Church leadership, that in turn will affect whatever other changes may need to be made.

If the Church does stick to tradition and appoint a direct descendent of Hyrum Smith, as I noted previously, the top candidate in my view would be Brother Jan E. Newman, currently the Second Counselor in the Sunday School General Presidency. That wouldn't impact anything else but the Sunday School General Presidency, who will be released in August anyway, no other organizations will be impacted. But if President Nelson sticks to the current General Authorities to select the new apostle, then any impacted group would be subject to additional changes.

We know that, starting last year, the Church sustained in advance changes that would be effective on August 1. So if the new apostle is a current member of the Presidency of the Seventy, 1 GA Seventy will be called effective immediately to replace him, and 2 others will be named to begin their service on August 1 (replacing Elders Brent H. Nielson and Paul V. Johnson, who will be granted emeritus status on that date).

Likewise, if the new apostle is a GA Seventy, that GA Seventy will be released effective immediately, with the advanced presentation of the 8 GA Seventies who will be released and granted emeritus status on August 1. Similarly, if a current member of the Presiding Bishopric is called to the apostleship, there will be a change there. The other changes I anticipate in general Church leadership speak for themselves. And there are no changes noted in my estimates for the statistical report data.

Anyways, just wanted to provide that context to my documents. I also continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. 

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: April 2024 General Conference Projected Speaker Lineup

Hello again, everyone! I was a bit unsettled as far as my General Conference predictions were concerned, and I couldn't figure out why. Then it came to me: I needed to revise my thoughts about the projected speaker lineup. The last General Conference wasn't the start of a new trend. It was a conference in which the prophet and an apostle were absent. The last time President Nelson spoke in the opening session of General Conference was in October 2022. I now believe that if he is able to preside at the next General Conference in-person, he will speak in the opening session.

I also now believe that he will give his customary longest address on Sunday Morning, and that a final short address will conclude the final session. That in turn means that President Oaks will open the final session rather than closing the Sunday Morning Session. As a result of these changes, I have also adjusted how many GA Seventies I think might speak, and who those might be. Other than that, the revisions speak for themselves.

Just by way of information, I will be posting a birthday tribute to Elder Dieter F. Uchtdorf tomorrow morning, then will plan on covering the major temple update in the afternoon. I will also be publishing a birthday tribute to Elder Dale G. Renlund next Monday morning, before covering the next major temple news in the afternoon. And my final 2023 apostolic milestone update will be provided on Sunday, November 19.

Lots to look forward to. I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. 

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

BREAKING NEWS: Church Announces Schedule for 2024 Churchwide Events

Hello again, everyone! The Church has announced the schedule for the 2024 Churchwide Events. Here are the relevant dates:

January 28: Worldwide Event for Youth: “I Am a Disciple of Jesus Christ”

February 4: Worldwide Devotional for Young Adults

February 29–March 2: RootsTech Family History Conference and Family Discovery Session

April 6–7: April 2024 General Conference

May 5: Worldwide Devotional for Young Adults

October 5–6: October 2024 General Conference

October 27: Worldwide Event for Youth

November 3: Worldwide Devotional for Young Adults

December 8: First Presidency’s Christmas Devotional

A few surprises: The Worldwide Devotionals for Young Adults have typically been held in January, May, and August (the beginning of each third of the year). This year, they will be in February, May, and November. Likewise, although the First Presidency's Christmas Devotionals are typically held on the first Sunday in December, next year, it will be on the second Sunday, which may mean that new temples could be dedicated on the first and third Sundays of next year. The schedule otherwise speaks for itself.

Other noteworthy events are scheduled as follows:

January 26: Seminaries and Institutes Annual Broadcast

March 1: Temple and Family History Leadership Instruction

March 9: Friend to Friend for Children

March 31: Easter Sunday

June 18: CES Religious Educators Conference

June 20–23: Seminar for New Mission Leaders

July 19–20: Tabernacle Choir Summer Concert

August 10: Youth Music and Arts Festival

September 14: Friend to Friend for Children

November TBD: Seminaries and Institutes Annual Broadcast

November TBD:  Luz de Las Naciones

November 16: Church Music Festival from Temple Square

December 12–14: Tabernacle Choir Christmas Concert at Temple Square

December 25: Christmas Day

Interestingly, there are two Seminaries and Institutes Annual Broadcasts scheduled next year, whereas there has typically been only one. There is also a CES Religious Educator's Conference, which I assume may allow several general Church leaders to provide training and counsel to seminary and institute instructors. 

I'm also fascinated that the Church has scheduled both a Youth Music and Arts Festival and a Church Music Festival, which I assume will be for all Church members. Although it was not specified, I assume that on Easter Sunday and the Sunday before Christmas, it will be Sacrament Meeting only. And I think we could potentially see a couple other Churchwide broadcasts as well. 

Looking ahead to 2024, I also wanted to put out a fun teaser of my own plans ahead for 2024. I have compiled a 2024 schedule showing content I will focus on in the new year. We will have several more apostolic milestones next year, as the current First Presidency will join the list of the longest-serviung First Presidencies and observe several milestones related to their tenure, unless there are forthcoming changes in the First Presidency that would prevent that.

So there will be a lot to look forward to in the next 14 months.  I continue to monitor any and all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass word of those along to you all as they cross my radar. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. 

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

Initial Predictions for the April 2024 General Conference

Hello again, everyone! Having recently published my documents relating to the October 2023 General Conference, and bearing in mind that I still anticipate several major temple construction updates throughout the last quarter of this year, I wanted to now provide a look ahead and share my initial predictions for the April 2024 General Conference. 

We start with the speaker lineup. The last time that President Nelson spoke in the Saturday Morning Session was in October 2022, when he was the concluding speaker. Given his efforts to reduce and simplify, and give more general leaders the opportunity to speak, I think we may see him do what he did last conference again: only speak in the concluding session and have a full-length address.

I am also operating under the assumption that his two counselors and all 12 members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles will give one talk apiece, although I anticipate that President Oaks will present the Sustaining of Church Officers. Since the Presiding Bishopric only speaks once a year now, and since April has typically seen only 2 female General Officers speaking, I think we will see 11 GA Seventies speak.

Other than these notes, the lineup should speak for itself. Next up is potential changes I'm anticipating in general Church leadership. I still feel strongly that a third counselor in the First Presidency may be warranted at some point, in which case a new apostle would also be called. That in turn would necessitate other changes in general Church leadership. Also, last April, aside from new GA Seventies, the Church also called for a vote of appreciation for the GA Seventies who were granted emeritus status on August 1. This time around, that would include 8 GA Seventies, including 2 remembers of the Presidency of the Seventy. So those changes will likely be noted in advance.

If a new apostle needs to be called, that will lead to other potential changes in general Church leadership. But whether or not that happens, I am also anticipating a new Sunday School General Presidency, the release of at least a few area seventies, a longer list of those who will be released on August 1, and several new area seventies called. That document also contains my estimates for the figures in the statistical report for 2023. I have made estimates based on what I've been able to ascertain and what I was otherwise able to calculate using a rather complex algorithm that would be difficult to explain.

And the final element of my predictions for the April 2024 General Conference is the list of locations in which a temple could be announced. We have seen a total of 35 temples announced each year since 2021. In 2021, 20 temples were announced in April, one more in May, and the remaining 14 in October. In 2022, 17 were announced in April, with 18 more announced in October. And this year, 15 were announced in April, with the remaining 20 in October. 

I would just note here that I project 15-20 new temples to be announced in April 2024. It's also worth noting that this initial April 2024 list includes only those locations that were on my list for October of this year that did not have a temple announced. I will be on the lookout for other prospects and will be sure to add them to my list for subsequent drafts. If any of you are aware of any locations I have failed to consider or omitted, please let me know.

As always, any questions or comments on these predictions are both welcomed and encouraged. I continue to monitor all Church News, Newsroom, and Church of Jesus Christ Temples updates and will be sure to pass those along to you all here as I become aware of them. In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. 

I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly-added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

October 2023 General Conference: Post-Conference Document Analysis

Hello again, everyone! As I have indicated on a few occasions, with General Conference weekend concluded, I anticipate a significant uptick in major temple construction announcements. Among those to which I think we can look forward in the near term are opening arrangements for the Red Cliffs Utah, Puebla Mexico, Layton and Taylorsville Utah, Urdaneta Philippines, Salta Argentina, and Coban Guatemala Temples. 

We could also potentially see groundbreakings set for the Knoxville Tennessee, Cleveland Ohio, Tarawa Kiribati, Cali Colombia, and Cape Town South Africa Temples (with the first two likely to be the only other temples likely to have groundbreakings before the end of this year), and something more official (whether just a rendering, or in addition to a groundbreaking) for the Teton River Idaho, Vitoria Brazil, and Charlotte North Carolina Temples, based on their latest updates). 

And I'm hoping it's not too long before we hear information about the Dubai UAE Temple, since the land for it was supposed to be turned over to the Church before the end of 2022.  These potential announcements aren't relevant to what I want to share in this post, but the anticipated announcements are the reason I am choosing to post a new update now. This post will share my post-conference document analysis. So let's get right into it. 

First of all, I have updated my document showing how many talks have been given by each of our apostles. That document reflects one more apiece for 13 of our 15 apostles. President Eyring's presentation of the sustaining of Church officers gives him 2 for this conference, and Elder Holland's number has not changed since last Octoer, since he was absent from and didn't speak during either conference this year. By next conference, the number of talks given by our apostles should total just above 800.

Second up is my document showing the length of each of the 15 talks given by our apostles, which should speak for itself. I have also put together my projection for what the table of contents for the November 2023 Liahona (General Conference edition) might look like. I also wanted to provide a look back at my projections for the speaker lineup, the projected changes in general Church leadership, and potential temple locations.

Based on my analysis on each of the predicted elements, the results are displayed in a scorecard. Longtime followers of this blog will know how I calculated the scores on each element, yielding the total. 

But in a nutshell, I assigned each predicted element a total of 3 points. For the speaker lineup, every time I correctly predicted the right person in the right order in the right session, 3 points were awarded. If I had the right person in the right session but the wrong slot, 2 points were awarded. 1 point was awarded if I correctly projected any speaker, even if that was in the wrong session and the wrong position within that session. 0 points were awarded if something happened that I didn't predict.

I noticed something interesting that I hadn't noticed before this go-round. With the exception of the first two General Conferences of President Nelson's prophetic administration and the April 2022 General Conference (which featured a Women's Session) Presidents Oaks and Eyring have alternated between conducting 3 and 2 sessions apiece per conference. But for the last few General Conferences, President Oaks has conducted 3 and President Eyring the other 2. That will likely be a trend that continues.

For the changes in general Church leadership, since I and several others had been convinced that an additional counselor in the First Presidency might soon be called, I gave myself half-credit for a potential change in the First Presidency and the resulting change that would then have been necessary for the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Every other element was graded on whether I correctly predicted each change, whether I was half-right, or whether I was incorrect. And for the new temples, 3 points meant I had the right exact location, 2 meant I had the right general area but the wrong specific one, and 0 was for anything I wasn't expecting.

The results are otherwise self-explanatory, but if any of you have questions, feel free to ask. As I stated at the beginning of this post, I wanted to get this post-conference document update out of the way before what I expect will be a windfall of major temple construction announcements to round out the final quarter of the year. I will be sure to report on any such updates as they are announced. In the interim, when I am not focused on updates for this blog, I will be starting to work on my predictions for the April 2024 General Conference, and I will have an initial version of those predictions available ASAP.

One key consideration for those predictions will be the likely prospect that any GA Seventies likely to be granted emeritus status on August 1 of next year who have not spoken within the last few years or so will likely do so, which includes 2 current members of the Presidency of the Seventy. It is also likely that only 2-3 female speakers will be featured as a result. Stay tuned for those predictions as I can formulate them. In the meantime, that does it for now. 

All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly-added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

BREAKING TEMPLE NEWS: President Nelson Announces 20 New Temples

Note: An initial version of this post was published at 4:07 PM as scheduled. Due to circumstances, which I explained here, a full report on this update wasn't published between 5:00-6:00 PM. This post bears the original timestamp.

Hello again, everyone! I am pleased to report that my theory was incorrect. President Nelson didn't speak until Sunday Afternoon, and in his prerecorded remarks concluding General Conference, he announced 20 new temples, the exact number of temples I had theorized would be announced. 

The temples will be built in each of the following locations: Savai’i Samoa, Kahului Hawaii, Fairbanks Alaska, Vancouver Washington, Colorado Springs Colorado, Tulsa Oklahoma, Roanoke Virginia, Cancún Mexico, Piura & Huancayo Peru, Viña del Mar Chile, Goiânia and João Pessoa Brazil, Cape Coast Ghana, Calabar Nigeria, Luanda Angola, Mbuji-Mayi Democratic Republic of the Congo, Laoag, Philippines, Osaka Japan, and Ulaanbaatar Mongolia.

I correctly predicted temples in Savaii Samoa, Fairbanks Alaska, Colorado Springs Colorado, Cancun Mexico, Viña del Mar Chile, Goiânia and João Pessoa Brazil, Cape Coast Ghana, Calabar Nigeria, Mbuji-Mayi DR Congo, Osaka Japan, and Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (12 of the 20) to the exact location. I had the right general area but the wrong specific one for the newest temples in Hawaii, Peru, and the Philippines, but the wrong specific cities. 

Angola had been on my list, but I had removed it, which was also the case for Tulsa. OOPS! I was blindsided by Roanoke Virginia, Vancouver Washington, Piura and Huancayo and Piura Peru. The accuracy calculation will be included in my General Conference predictions results post, which will come out at some point in the next two weeks.

It seems the plans of President Nelson regarding the temple program of the Church have not been exaggerated. I have received feedback that the Church could potentially have 400 temples operating by 2030, but I have not been able to substantiate that further. I anticipate that tomorrow, there will be another major temple construction update. Stay tuned for coverage on that.

In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly-added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.

UPDATED: October 2023 General Conference Predictions (Final Version)

Hello again, everyone! On this Thursday evening before the October 2023 General Conference weekend, I wanted to share the final version of my predictions for this weekend's conference. Let's dive right in: First, as a disclaimer, I use the patterns of the past to project what might occur in the future. So anyone taking these projections as accurate or gospel will be sadly disappointed. These are no more and no less than my own thoughts, and I will be just as happy whether I'm right or wrong on any of these projections.

Let's get into the predictions themselves. First up, as always, is my projection for the potential speaker lineup. While I anticipate a higher number of female General Officers to speak (I am projecting 4 in total), due to the absence of both President Nelson and Elder Holland (and because any prerecorded message from the prophet will likely be a short one), I anticipate that all new GA Seventies called in April and August of this year, along with all GA Seventies who last spoke in April or October 2017 will likely speak this go round. Other than these notes, the lineup should largely speak for itself.

Second is the list of projected potential changes in general Church leadership. As I have mentioned elsewhere, with President Nelson one year shy of centenarian status, and with the two First Presidency counselors now over 90, there may be a possibility this conference that the oldest First Presidency in Church history may call an additional counselor. 

If that happens, the most likely candidates are Elders Dieter F. Uchtdorf (who has been in the First Presidency previously and is the sixth both in apostolic seniority and age) and David A. Bednar (seventh in apostolic seniority and the eleventh oldest). 

If and when an additional counselor is called to the First Presidency, that would in turn necessitate the call of a 16th apostle to fill the resulting vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The new apostle would most likely be pulled from general Church leadership. I will not offer any specifics about who might be called, simply because the likelihood of an additional counselor in the First Presidency is the furthest I'd like to speculate at this time.

The final element related to my predictions is the list of potential locations in which a temple could be announced. As I also noted previously, with 15 temples announced in April, I am projecting 20 more will e announced this time around. I have provided more specific projections about the top locations per area. This conference's area-by-area projections are at the bottom of that page. I should note that, if, as expected, President Nelson records a short message that will air during the Sunday Morning Session, it seems most likely to me that the message will likely focus on an important topic, and that any new temple announcements would be made at the end of the Sunday Afternoon Session, for which I am projecting President Oaks may offer concluding remarks in the absence of President Nelson, and may represent him in announcing new temples.

I will just add that, if, as projected, 20 new temples are announced this weekend, 138 of the total 335 temples (45.7% of all temples) will have been announced during President Nelson's prophetic administration. I think we may hear about the renovations for the Logan Utah Temple, and will likely hear more about the major announcement that service missionaries will be integrated into proselyting missions. Also, if the "core collection" of the new unified hymnbook/children's songbook is going to be released next year, we may also hear more about that. I am very much looking forward to whatever happens this weekend, and you can depend on my reporting any updates here.

In the meantime, that does it for now. All comments are, as always, welcome and appreciated on any post at any time, as long as the offered feedback is made per the established guidelines. I hope any of you who would like to share anything will take your opportunity to “sound off” in the comments below. 

Please subscribe if you liked what you read here and would like to be informed of newly-added posts and comments. Thank you for the privilege of your time. Until my next post, I wish you all the best and pray that the Lord will bless you all in everything you do.